胎儿纤连蛋白与早产和绒毛膜羊膜炎的关系

目的　探讨胎儿纤连蛋白 (FFN)与早产和绒毛膜羊炎膜之间的关系 ,为诊断早产和绒毛膜羊膜炎及判定预后提供新方法。方法　采用ELIAS(酶联免疫吸附法 )对 4 2例先兆早产孕妇 (实验组 )和同孕龄健康孕妇 4 8例 (对照组 )进行宫颈阴道分泌物FFN检测。结果　实验组FFN阳性率 4 5 .2 % (19/42 ) ,对照组FFN阳性率 4 .8% (2 /48) ,两组之间有显著性差异 ;实验组中FFN阳性者发生早产及绒毛膜羊膜炎者分别为 68.4 % (13/19)、73.6% (14/19) ,与FFN阴性者比较有显著性差异。结论　FFN对诊断早产和绒毛膜羊膜炎有重要参考价值 ,可为围产期保健提供重要监测手段     

Safety and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine,Qiaoshao formula,combined with dapoxetine in the treatment of premature ejaculation: An open-label,real-life,retrospective multicentre study in Chinese men

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Chinese medicine, Qiaoshao formula combined with dapoxetine was used for the treatment of premature ejaculation in a real-life setting. Nine hundred and five males diagnosed with premature ejaculation were reviewed in this retrospective cohort study. We divided the patients into two groups: dapoxetine alone and Qiaoshao formula combined with dapoxetine according to actual interventions provided to patients in clinics. The perceived intravaginal ejaculation latency time and the premature ejaculation profile measures markedly improved in both groups. However, in men with severe premature ejaculation (baseline perceived intravaginal ejaculation latency time <1 min) and those with baseline age ≤30 years, the perceived intravaginal ejaculation latency time was slightly but significantly longer with combined therapy than with dapoxetine alone (p < .05). Therefore, combined therapy involving the Qiaoshao formula and dapoxetine proved to safe as well as effective for treating premature ejaculation while prolonging the perceived intravaginal ejaculation latency time, which significantly improved the overall satisfaction of the patient and likely that of the couple.     

Premature Ejaculation,True or False? Clinical evaluation of PE patients with multiple intercourse in one day

Clinical characteristics of 216 adult males previously diagnosed with premature ejaculation (PE) were studied. Using a survey questionnaire, characteristics included intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT), penile hardness scores and the refractory period (RP). Ninety-four PE patients reported they had experienced vaginal intercourse more than once (2 to 4 times) in one day (~44%). IELT was significantly increased at the second and subsequent intercourses, and IIEF-15 (International Index of Erectile Function-15) and relevant subclass scores were markedly improved compared to their first intercourse and also compared to the single intercourse group in this cohort study. Overall sexual satisfaction was achieved in the PE patients with multiple intercourse experiences. The same trend was observed in both the patients diagnosed with lifelong and acquired PE. Based on the evidence, the argument is that the PE patients who were diagnosed using their performance at the first intercourse but who have the ability to participate in multiple vaginal intercourses in one day are unlikely to be true PE. The false PE may account for over 40% of PE patients diagnosed by current guidelines and definitions.     

Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rapid ejaculator rats: A further study

Limited evidence has indicated that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may be involved in the neurobiology of premature ejaculation (PE). This study aimed to investigate BDNF levels in the central and peripheral nervous systems of a rapid ejaculation model. Eighteen male rats were selected and classified as ‘sluggish’, ‘normal’ and ‘rapid’ ejaculators on the basis of ejaculation frequency during copulatory behavioural tests. BDNF levels in specific brain regions, spinal cord and serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Consistent with the results in PE patients, the concentration of serum BDNF decreased significantly from the sluggish rats to normal and rapid rats. Besides, in both brain regions and spinal cord, the sluggish group had the highest BDNF levels, while the rapid group had the lowest BDNF levels. Regression analyses of the expression of BDNF presented positive correlations between serum and brain (r = 0.958, p < .001), and between serum and spinal cord (r = 0.967, p < .001) respectively. Our findings suggested insufficient BDNF in the nervous system and serum may lead to rapid ejaculation. The current study adds to the evidence that BDNF is involved in the regulation of ejaculation.     

Endocrine contribution to the sexual dysfunction in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease and the role of hyperprolactinemia

In this study, we investigated the prevalence of sexual dysfunction among males with advanced chronic kidney disease and the effect of treating hyperprolactinemia among these patients. In this prospective study, patients were assessed with history, physical examination, hormonal assessment, and two questionnaires, IIEF and AIPE. Patients with hyperprolactinemia received treatment with cabergoline 0.5 mg once per week for 6 months and were re-evaluated. A total of 102 patients were included in this study, 75 (73.53%) were on hemodialysis, 13 (12.75%) on peritoneal dialysis and 14 (13.73%) on medical treatment alone. Ninety (88.24%) patients had premature ejaculation, 85 (83.33%) had anything from mild-to-moderate-to-severe erectile dysfunction. The incidence of hypogonadism and hyperprolactinemia was 34.4%. Patients treated with cabergoline (n = 26) showed a significant increase in LH levels (p = .003) and a significant decrease in prolactin levels (p = .003). Testosterone levels and the incidence of erectile dysfunction or premature ejaculation did not improve significantly. There is a high incidence of sexual dysfunction among patients. Treatment of hyperprolactinemia is effective in correcting prolactin levels, but does not improve erectile dysfunction or premature ejaculation. Therefore, treating hyperprolactinemia is not an overall effective treatment for erectile dysfunction in these patients.     

Effects of priming duration on retention over the first 1 1/2 years of life

Exposing individuals to an isolated component (a prime) of a prior event alleviates its forgetting. Two experiments with 120 human infants between 3 and 18 months of age determined the minimum duration of a prime that can reactivate a forgotten memory and how long the reactivated memory persists. Infants learned an operant task, forgot it, were exposed to the prime, and later were tested for renewed retention. In Experiment 1, the minimum duration of an effective prime decreased logarithmically with age, but was always longer than the duration of a mere glance. In Experiment 2, the reactivated memory was forgotten twice as fast after a minimum-duration prime as after a full-length one, irrespective of priming delay and infant age. These data reveal that the minimum effective prime duration psychophysically equates the accessibility of forgotten memories. We conclude that priming is perceptually based with effects that are organized on a ratio (log) scale.     

Urinaryα 1 as an index of proximal tubular function in early infancy

Urinary ₁-microglobulin (U-A₁M) was measured in healthy term infants on days 1, 4, 7, 14, 28, 90 and 180 of life. U-A₁M was high until day 14 and declined thereafter. It was significantly correlated with urinary ₂-microglobulin (U-B₂M) throughout the study, but not with serum A₁M on days 1 or 7. Similar to U-B₂M, U-A₁M in the clinically stable term infants with intrauterine growth retardation (n=4–7) was not elevated on days 1–7. In the sick infants who needed immediate resuscitatio at birth (n=4–8), U-A₁M as well as U-B₂M was high on days 1–7 and then decreased to normal levels, suggesting that U-A₁M can be used as a sensitive marker of acute proximal tubular damage and its recovery. These observations indicate that U-A₁M is a useful index of proximal tubular function in early infancy.     

51例闭经的临床分析和治疗探讨

目的 探讨闭经的病因、治疗方法及疗效。方法 对1989年2月－2001年2月间我院妇科内分泌治疗的51例闭经患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并根据患者的临床症状及血清激素水平特征归类讨论。结果 51例闭经患者,未婚8例,女婚43例,其中3例结婚时间短于半年,37例为不孕症者,占72．5％。多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）21例（41．2％）;卵巢早衰（POF）18例（35．3％）;高催乳素血症（HPRL）6例;垂体微腺瘤4例;高雄激素血症（HT）2例。通过内分泌药物治疗后观察,PCOS患者的妊娠率为58．8％;POF患者中仅有1例妊娠;HPRL6例患者中有5例妊娠;垂体微腺瘤3例（已婚）中有2例妊娠;高雄激素血症的2例患者中1例妊娠。结论 闭经患者经过适当的治疗,除POF外其妊娠率效果较为满意。     

促胎肺成熟药物对兔母、胎组织感染及妊娠结局的影响

目的 研究促胎肺成熟药物地塞米松、EGF、TRH对母、胎组织感染及妊娠结局的影响。方法 建立孕兔宫内感染模型,分别用地塞米松、EGF、TRH联合先锋霉素V治疗,通过光镜观察母、胎组织的感染程度,检查孕兔和胎仔的存亡情况。结果 地塞米松治疗组胎肺和胎盘的感染程度明显重于对照组和／或EGF治疗组,子宫感染程度在各组之间无明显差异;地塞米松治疗组孕兔发生早产和胎儿死亡的数量明显多于EGF治疗组,TRH治疗组的胎儿早产和死亡率明显高于EGF治疗组和对照组,母兔死亡仅见于TRH组。结论 在宫内感染时,地塞米松治疗可加重母、胎组织感染,引起胎儿早产或死亡,TRH也具有加速早产和导致母、母胎死亡的副作用,而EGF不加重感染,对妊娠结局的影响较好。